Country basics
Kazakhstan is a landlocked Central Asian republic and the ninth-largest country by land area.
Kazakhstan is a republic with Astana as its capital and Kazakh and Russian in official use, stretching from the Caspian Sea to China. The tenge is the currency, and crude oil, uranium, metals and grain lead its export earnings.
Official name
Republic of KazakhstanRegion
Asia · Central AsiaGovernment
Unitary presidential republic under an authoritarian governmentTime zonesCheck the offset for your own city
UTC+05:00; UTC+06:00Driving side
RightPhone code
+7Currency
Kazakhstani tenge (KZT, ₸)Member of
UNWebsite
https://www.gov.kzFaith and language
Religions
Muslim 69.3%, Christian 17.2% (Orthodox 17%, other 0.2%), Buddhism 0.1%, other 0.1%, non-believers 2.3%, unspecified 11%Languages
Kazakh; RussianPeople and cities
Population
20.6 million (current)Median ageHalf the population is younger than this
32.1 years (2025)Living in cities
58.2% (2023)Largest cities
Almaty 1.987 million · Nur-Sultan (capital) 1.291 million · Shimkent 1.155 millionMoney and cost of living
Exchange rateYearly average; check today’s rate before you budget
469 tenge (KZT) per US dollar (2024)Income per personGDP per person, adjusted for local prices (2021 dollars)
$35,900 (2024)InflationHow much prices rose over the year
8.8% (2024)Unemployment
4.8% (2024)Spent on foodShare of an average household’s spending
50.4% (2023)Health and daily life
Life expectancy
73.3 years (2024)Doctors
3.75 per 1,000 people (2023)Hospital beds
6.7 per 1,000 people (2020)Electricity
100% of people (2022)Internet users
93% of people (2023)Land and climate
Climate
Continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiaridSizeSlightly less than four times the size of Texas
2,724,900 sq kmNatural hazards
Earthquakes in the south; mudslides around AlmatyNational holiday
Independence Day, 16 December (1991)